At its height in the 2nd century CE, the Kushan Empire controlled approximately 2–3 million km², dominating a vast region that connected Central Asia, northern India, and parts of eastern Iran. Its territory stretched from the Oxus (Amu Darya) region and Bactria in the west to the Ganges basin in the east, from the Central Asian steppe and mountain corridors in the north to the Indian subcontinent in the south. Positioned at the crossroads of the Silk Road, the Kushan Empire served as a crucial bridge between East and West, facilitating long-distance trade, cultural exchange, and the spread of Buddhism across Asia.